Isaiah 5:10 (KJV) reads, "Yea, ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath, and the seed of an homer shall yield an ephah." This verse comes from a larger passage known as the "Song of the Vineyard" in the book of Isaiah. In this passage, the prophet Isaiah uses the metaphor of a vineyard to symbolize the nation of Israel and its people. The passage speaks of God's disappointment with the people of Israel, who have failed to produce the fruits of righteousness and justice that God had desired.

To understand the meaning of Isaiah 5:10, it is important to consider the context in which it is situated. In the preceding verses, God is being portrayed as a vineyard owner who has prepared his vineyard (the nation of Israel) with the best care, only to be disappointed when it yields wild grapes instead of the good fruit that he had expected. The wild grapes are symbolic of the people's disobedience and lack of righteousness.

In verse 10, the prophet Isaiah provides specific details about the consequences of the people's disobedience. The reference to "ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath" highlights the scarcity and lack of productivity that God had intended for the nation. In ancient times, a bath was a unit of liquid measure, and a yield of one bath from ten acres of vineyard would have been extremely meager. This imagery emphasizes the idea of desolation and unproductiveness.

Similarly, the mention of "the seed of an homer shall yield an ephah" further emphasizes the lack of productivity and abundance that God had desired for his people. In this case, the homer is a measure of dry grain, and an ephah is a smaller unit of measure. The yield of an ephah from a homer of seed signifies a very small harvest, indicating a severe lack of abundance and prosperity.

The imagery in Isaiah 5:10 serves to underscore the consequences of the people's disobedience and unfaithfulness to God. The scarcity and unfruitfulness of the vineyard mirror the spiritual barrenness and moral decay of the nation. The prophet Isaiah uses this vivid imagery to convey the severity of God's judgment upon the people for their lack of righteousness and justice.

Moreover, the specific measurements mentioned in the verse also carry symbolic significance. In ancient Hebrew culture, numerical symbolism held great importance. The number ten often symbolized completeness and perfection, while the number one was associated with unity and singularity. The contrast between these two numbers in the verse further emphasizes the dramatic reduction in productivity and abundance that results from the people's disobedience.

Overall, Isaiah 5:10 serves as a stark warning to the people of Israel (and by extension, to all people) about the consequences of failing to live according to God's will. The verse conveys the message that disobedience and unrighteousness will lead to spiritual desolation and unproductiveness. It calls for repentance and a return to righteousness in order to avoid the judgment and consequences of God's displeasure.

In conclusion, Isaiah 5:10 from the King James Version of the Bible carries profound meaning and symbolism within its rich imagery and context. It serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of living in accordance with God's will and the consequences of failing to do so. Through the metaphor of the vineyard, the verse conveys a timeless message about the need for righteousness, justice, and obedience to God's commands.